Horned shark

Horned Shark - A Unique Bottom-Dwelling Predator

The Horned Shark (Heterodontus francisci), also known as the California Horned Shark or Horn Shark, is a fascinating and distinctive shark species that brings prehistoric charm to large, specialized aquarium systems. Named for the prominent horn-like spines in front of each dorsal fin, this nocturnal bottom-dweller is one of the more manageable shark species for advanced home aquariums. With its unique appearance, interesting behavior, and relatively small size compared to other sharks, the Horned Shark is a captivating addition for experienced aquarists with the space and resources to meet its demanding requirements.

Key Features:

• Distinctive Appearance: Prominent horn-like spines on dorsal fins and blunt, pig-like snout
• Manageable Size: Reaches 3-4 feet, making it one of the smaller shark species suitable for home aquariums
• Nocturnal Behavior: Most active at night, hunting for invertebrates and small prey
• Bottom-Dweller: Spends most time resting on the substrate, often wedged in caves or crevices
• Hardy Once Established: Tolerant of varying conditions once properly acclimated
• Long-Lived: Can live 20+ years with proper care

Critical Care Requirements:

Tank Size: MINIMUM 300 gallons; 500+ gallons strongly recommended for adult specimens
Experience Level: EXPERT ONLY - This species is not suitable for beginners or intermediate aquarists
Diet: Carnivore - requires whole fish, squid, shrimp, crabs, sea urchins, and other meaty foods
Temperament: Generally peaceful but will consume fish and invertebrates that fit in its mouth
Reef Compatibility: NOT reef safe - predatory toward fish and all invertebrates
Adult Size: 3-4 feet in length
Growth Rate: Slow to moderate - juveniles will still outgrow smaller systems

⚠️ IMPORTANT SAFETY WARNING - Venomous Dorsal Spines:

The Horned Shark has mildly venomous dorsal spines that can cause painful wounds. Never handle with bare hands. Use extreme caution during tank maintenance and when netting or moving the shark. If injured by the spines, seek medical attention.

Tank Requirements:

Massive Filtration: Requires heavy-duty biological, mechanical, and chemical filtration. Protein skimming is essential.

Substrate: Fine sand substrate is mandatory. Horned Sharks need soft substrate to prevent abrasion injuries.

Caves & Hiding Spots: Provide multiple caves and crevices where the shark can wedge itself during the day.

Secure Cover: A completely secure lid is mandatory.

Water Quality: Pristine conditions are critical. Regular large water changes (20-30% weekly) are essential.

Feeding & Nutrition:

Offer a varied diet including whole fish, squid, large shrimp with shells, crabs, sea urchins, and clams. Feed 2-3 times per week. Hard-shelled foods are important for maintaining dental health, as their molar-like teeth are designed for crushing.

Legal & Ethical Considerations:

Permits: Check local and state regulations - some jurisdictions require permits or prohibit keeping sharks.

Long-Term Commitment: Horned Sharks can live 20-25+ years. Ensure you have a plan for the shark's entire lifespan, including potential relocation if it outgrows your system.

Responsible Ownership: Only purchase if you can provide appropriate housing and care for its entire life.

Important Notes:

• NOT suitable for standard home aquariums
• Requires specialized equipment and expert-level husbandry
• Ongoing costs for food, electricity, and maintenance are substantial
• Dorsal spines are mildly venomous - handle with extreme caution
• Will consume all invertebrates and small fish
• Primarily nocturnal - most active at night

Our Horned Sharks are carefully selected, quarantined, and feeding well before shipment. Each shark is backed by our live arrival guarantee. Due to the specialized nature of this species, we strongly encourage you to contact us before purchase to discuss your system specifications and ensure this species is appropriate for your setup.